Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) has long been important in understanding how people learn and behave through the interaction of personal, environmental, and behavioral factors. Building on this foundation, Luszczynska and Schwarzer expanded and applied these concepts, especially within health psychology and behavior change contexts. Their work emphasizes self-efficacy and its role in fostering sustainable behavior changes, particularly in health-related settings.

Grit is perseverance and passion for long-term goals, and combining it with emotional intelligence (EQ) creates success. Together, they give you the tools to not only stay focused on your goals but also to manage emotions, connect with others, and not only survive, but thrive under pressure. 

The GSES measures a person’s general sense of self-efficacy, or their belief in their capacity to solve problems, adapt to stressful situations, and achieve goals. Unlike domain-specific scales that focus on specific areas like academics or health, the GSES is designed to assess a broad, overall confidence in one’s ability to cope with life’s challenges.